What is the primary purpose of the olfactory system in relation to taste?

The primary purpose of the olfactory system in relation to taste is to send information related to flavor perceptions. The olfactory system, which includes the sensory neurons in the nasal cavity, detects volatile compounds that contribute to the overall perception of flavor. When we eat or drink, aromatic compounds released from food are sensed through the olfactory receptors, contributing significantly to the flavor experience.

While taste senses such as sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami provide the basic tastes, it is the combination of these tastes with the olfactory input that shapes our flavor perceptions. This interaction is why many foods seem tasteless when we have a cold or blocked nasal passages—the olfactory input is diminished, leading to a less rich flavor experience. Thus, the olfactory system's role is crucial in enhancing and enriching our taste experiences by providing the necessary sensory information needed to identify and enjoy flavors.